Measurement of Internal Consistency Software

Hitler, the Demise of a Demigod

Hitler, the Demise of a Demigod The desire of a solitary man was incredible enough to modify the course of the world; that Is the account of Doll Hitler. Hitler motivated his kin to seek after the advancement yet he himself fell into increasingly more hopelessness the progression of time. As the First World War left Germany crushed as well as embarrassed, a disappointment of a painter who likewise happened to battle in the bleeding edges, felt chafed and sold out by the acquiescence, willingly volunteered to fix things. He demonstrated himself to be a significant craftsman, might be less on the canvas but rather more with words.Eloquence being his strength, he scaled the social stepping stool rather rapidly amidst every one of his battles. With Doll Hitler turning out to be increasingly more equivalent to the Nazi Germany, he drove his kin to a remarkable period of success yet that included some major disadvantages, by stressing a specific segment of the populace, the Jews. In 1938 H itler added Austria into Germany without shooting a solitary shot; he was the man of the year not to no end. It Is an Irony how Nazism or National Socialism perceived both private enterprise and socialism as underhanded yet wound up Itself tumbling from grace.Along with patriotism and racialism, thoughts, for example, irredentism and expansionism ruled the Nazi belief system. Hitler comprehended the significance of abuse imperialism. Along these lines for Germany he needed Russia to be what provincial India was to the British Empire. His past triumphs against the partners inebriated his brain, dulled his thinking. He was gradually putting some distance between the real world. His choices were upping the ante increasingly elevated. It is to be noticed that he didn't simply have confidence in racial prevalence, he proposed to demonstrate it as he attempted to do as such In the 1936 summer Olympics. Nan Germany's' Justifying of socialDarwinism, natural selection in all life that is bat tle made certain groups to go careful about their pioneer. One thing prompted another and there were even endeavors of death. It was not Just a war between the partners and the pivot; it was a war between the Ideology of a solitary man and rest of the world. Pride Goethe before a fall. In any case, even so 50 million to more than 75 million fatalities has given us what man is prepared to do. All things considered, God created man In his own Image. Instead of being cynical, It shows capacity of both extraordinary great just as malevolent. Mankind can in any case be spared, all expectation Is yet not lost.

The Complete List of Cause and Effect Essay Topics

The Complete List of Cause and Effect Essay Topics Its not an easy job for the students to pick the most effective topics for cause and effect essays. Therefore, we are providing a complete list of cause and effect essay topics to the students. Lets have a look at what is cost and effect essay? Cause and Effect Essay Summary Cause and Effect EssayWriting skillsObjective thinkingOrganizational skillsAttention to detailsAreas of interestCause and Effect Essay TopicsEnvironmental Cause and Effect Essay TopicsFamily and relationships: Cause and Effect Essay TopicsGood Cause and Effect Essay TopicsCause and Effect Essay Topics on TechnologySocial issues Ideas for Cause and Effect Essay TopicsEducational Cause and Effect Essay TopicsCause and Effect Essay Topics related to HealthCause and Effect Essay Topics based on PsychologyCause and Effect Essay Topics related to SportCause and Effect Essay Topics related to FoodCause and Effect Essay Topics on CultureConclusion Every essay is intended to go beyond the topic. The writing of essays is an effective and efficient process to improve various skills. That you will use during your career. The skills that students can develop during the writing of cause and effect essay. Writing skills Writing various assignments will improve the writing skills, and cause and effect essays are also included in assignments. Objective thinking The intention is to establish a correlation between two scenarios or concepts without allowing the way you write to interfere with your feelings.Unbiasedness is a great ability to embrace, as it only allows you to become more confident and accountable. Organizational skills Everything should be organized in our life for a perfect outcome.The same rule is applied to the essays.Organization skills will be improved by Cause and effect essays.Cause and effects are organized in such a method that maintains the interest of the readers. And for avoiding any kind of confusion about the essay.It is very necessary to have decent organizational skills for classifying and properly. It should include the concepts for the essays. Attention to details Not only concerns and causes are described in the essays, which is noticed by everyone. But these essays also give some fundamental links after researching greatly, which cannot be noticed easily.For doing this, it is very important to give attention to details.The skill of paying attention can be improved by cause and effect essays. Which is very helpful for every situation in life. Specifically in academics. Areas of interest Everything which is happening near us, all is covered in cause and effect essay topics.All we read, see, hear, experience or witness can transform into a conversation. And, therefore, a cause and effect essay.As each action comes with its significances.It means that you have many effects (significances) and causes (actions). Cause and Effect Essay Topics Students can select their cause and effect essay topic as per their requirement.In several cases, tutors let students create essays centered on the topics which are selected by them. Here is the complete list. Lets explore it:- Environmental Cause and Effect Essay Topics The negative or positive effect of curiosity of humans on the earth.What is the most concerning issue which is affecting global warming?Effects of climate change on earth.Causes of ecological disasters. Family and relationships: Cause and Effect Essay Topics Effect of Live-in relationship.Causes of cheating on their partner.Causes of negative relations among siblings.Single parenting: Long term effects.Effects on family relationships by Family vacations. Good Cause and Effect Essay Topics Effects on relationships caused by abortion.Effects of apathy of the voters.Poverty Causes.Effect of divorce on kids, Difference made by the age of the kid in divorce.Causes and effects of homelessness.Stress and its effect on Health.How obesity affects a nation.Exercise addiction causes and effects.Effect on behavior and cognition of kids by violent video games.Effect of online shopping websites on internet users.Causes and effects of higher rates of a college dropout.Marriage and effects of feminism.Technology and its good and bad effects.The perspective of Britain on the effect of colonialism.Air pollution: Causes and effects. Cause and Effect Essay Topics on Technology Effects of the internet have on youth.The effects of the progress of modern technology on kids.Effects of modern technology in classwork.Causes of advancement in technology.Effects of development of technology on nature state. Social issues Ideas for Cause and Effect Essay Topics Effect of social networks on actual interaction.Effect of Street violence or war on a community.Causes of poverty in megalopolises.Effect of lack of freedom on society. Educational Cause and Effect Essay Topics Causes and effects of failure in the exam.Causes and effects of changing teachers in between studies.Effects of extracurricular activities on students.Cause and effects of cheating. Cause and Effect Essay Topics related to Health Vaccinations of youths: Causes and effects.Effect of diet on the Health of the person.Effects of smallpox in adults.Insomnia: causes and effects during the exam.Long-term smoking: Physical and mental effects. Cause and Effect Essay Topics based on Psychology Effects of good mood on a person.Effect of a most common disease: Depression.Effects of depression on work and study.Effects of depression on students.Causes and effects of melancholy.Physical Health vs. mental Health. Cause and Effect Essay Topics related to Sport Avoiding lessons of physical education: Causes on Health.Effect of regular workout on productivity.Effects of undertaking sports skillfully.Effect of great sports.Sports violence: Causes and effects. Cause and Effect Essay Topics related to Food Eating seafood: Cause and effects.Health of Vegan vs. Vegetarian vs. Non-vegetarians.Causes and effects of loss of hunger.Health effects of eating low-priced fast Food. Cause and Effect Essay Topics on Culture Effects of favorite music on a person.The effects of comic books on the success of movies.Effects of addiction to video games.Causes of popularity of summer festivals among the young generation.Effect of piracy on artists. Conclusion It is essential to take time to write a perfect essay. Besides, this information can be helpful for students. Who are looking for a solution to how to write a perfect cause and effect essay. Furthermore, the given topics will help you in making a perfect essay. Also, the given topics are well-researched. And are according to the present time and problems. We are also offering the best essay writing services to the students. If you are looking for the best essay writing help from the experts then we are here to help you.

Bruce Lee Once Said, “I Want To Think Of Myself...As A

Bruce Lee once said, â€Å"I want to think of myself...as a human being...because...under the sky, under the heavens there is but one family. It just so happens...that people are different.† Bruce Lee, an influential martial artist and actor, believed that everyone shares the same blood, regardless their religion, or skin color. Why are we separating families and why are we discriminating against a particular group of people for the misconduct of only a few individuals? Deporting immigrants with criminal records back to their countries of origin has become a method for the United States to provide safety for its own citizens. Sadly, those who pose no potential threat and have clean backgrounds get caught in this current dilemma. As a result,†¦show more content†¦If the person fails to produce the requested proof, he or she will be detained for no valid reason. Cross checks are meant to protect the citizens of the United States, but detaining immigrants with no crimina l history does nothing to benefit United States citizens and only harms immigrants and their families. For instance, AJC informed the community that immigration customs enforcement â€Å"frequently encounter additional immigrants that appear to violate the immigration law†(Plohetski). Often undocumented immigrants, despite have no criminal record or involvement, will be deported simply because law enforcement stumbled across their names during unrelated investigations. No one can not predict when or where a raid will happen. As the operation continues, tension within the undocumented communities increases many undocumented immigrants have developed a fear of leaving their properties. Thus, some immigrants have become too afraid to go to their job, complete daily errands, or drive to where they need to be. The fear of being deported can make hit and run car accidents and similar situations more common since the fear of being deported can greatly increase the penalty to an immigrant. Even when an accident is not the fault of an immigrant, he or she can still be severely punished in the form of deportation. The New York Times stated that many immigrantsShow MoreRelatedVignette: A Fictional Narrative1012 Words   |  5 Pages Vignette # 4 I was wrapped in my blanket like a Butterfly in its cocoon. As soon as I began to have conscious thought of my crush, dancing, and my dreams turning into a reality my eyes opened as if I was facing Bruce Lee himself. Then I jumped out of my bed if I was running with gazelles in sub Saharan Africa. I smoothly landed into a crouched position on the ground I got straight into my dance battle stance with a stare determined like Eminem. I knew today would be a good day withRead MoreMy Autobiography Essay2512 Words   |  11 Pages(saw) is the messenger of Allah My life goes by the above sentence. The firm belief in the oneness of Allah, my Lord, who has provided me with this life; the giver and taker of life. I believe that this life is only a test as to which we will be judged for in the life hereafter. I was born on March 12, 1987at approximately 6:07am, at the Whittington Hospital in Archway, on a humid spring morning, just before dawn. My two older sisters were also born in this hospitalRead MoreMy Biography : My Autobiography3453 Words   |  14 PagesProphet Mohammed (saw) is the messenger of Allah My life goes by the above sentence. The firm belief in the oneness of Allah, my Lord, who has provided me with this life; the giver and taker of life. I believe that this life is only a test as to which we will be judged for in the life hereafter. I was born on March 12, 1987at approximately 6:07am, at the Whittington Hospital in Archway, on a humid spring morning, just before dawn. My two older sisters were also born in this hospital, and laterRead MoreThe Ethics at Foxconn Apple Compuers4461 Words   |  18 Pagesbeing manufactured are, motherboards, chipsets, smartphones, tablets, and laptops. The majority of the factories are in China, three in Europe, one in India, and four in Mexico. Currently there are contracts to expand and build a new factory in Brazil. I believe that there are many ethical problems related to this example; first, the general idea of outsourcing mass amounts of labor, and secondly the mistreatment of employees in facilities such as Foxconn. Employee rights, basic living essentials, privacyRead More Mathematics: A New Kind of Portfolio Assessment Essay3644 Words   |  15 PagesMathematics: A New Kind of Portfolio Assessment I sat pondering in my classroom as I calculated my grades for my first six weeks of teaching. I began wondering as I looked over grades how accurate these grades were to the ability of my students. I began to wonder how the grades showed the growth from where some of my students started at the beginning of the year. Some of my students started below grade level to begin with and had made tremendous gains to function at the level they wereRead MoreAutobilography of Zlatan Ibrahimovic116934 Words   |  468 PagesI AM ZLATAN By Zlatan Ibrahimovic as told to David Lagercrantz --------------------------------------------------------------------------- This book is dedicated to my family and friends, to those who have stood by my side, on good days and bad. I also want to dedicate it to all the kids out there, those who feel different and don t fit in. Those who are seen for the wrong reasons. It s OK to be different. Continue being yourself. It worked out for me. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Read MoreHbr When Your Core Business Is Dying74686 Words   |  299 Pagesenergy peace-of-mind. Succeeding in securing energy for everyone doe sn’t have to come at the exp ens start to think differently e of anyone. Once we all about energy, then we can truly make this promise a reality. $15 hips over ket. ners part r sting Inve gy to ma ough †¢ y thr ener s nerg llion able ing e f mi elop ntries. Dev cou ds o d renew †¢ ndre an in 26 g hu rnative ply. y i tt i n nerg mm y to alte rsify sup y wn e †¢ Co uall e ur o fficienc n o div an gies t de o e e ma sing our ener , havRead MoreSports17369 Words   |  70 Pagessportscasting Designed for teachers and students, as well as anyone interested in the topic, the Exercises in Sportscasting includes a range of ap5 6 EXERCISES IN SPORTSCASTING proaches. The idea here is that participants in this process will want to learn as much as they can about the subject. As you will see, each chapter offers several ways to enhance the learning process. Some chapters encourage discussions of topics with family and friends and/or in the classroom, and most are meant toRead MoreSports17363 Words   |  70 Pagesand sportscasting Designed for teachers and students, as well as anyone interested in the topic, the Exercises in Sportscasting includes a range of ap5 6 EXERCISES IN SPORTSCASTING proaches. The idea here is that participants in this process will want to learn as much as they can about the subject. As you will see, each chapter offers several ways to enhance the learning process. Some chapters encourage discussions of topics with family and friends and/or in the classroom, and most are meant toRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesLibrary of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Robbins, Stephen P. Organizational behavior / Stephen P. Robbins, Timothy A. Judge. — 15th ed. p. cm. Includes indexes. ISBN-13: 978-0-13-283487-2 ISBN-10: 0-13-283487-1 1. Organizational behavior. I. Judge, Tim. II. Title. HD58.7.R62 2012 658.3—dc23 2011038674 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 ISBN 10: 0-13-283487-1 ISBN 13: 978-0-13-283487-2 Brief Contents Preface xxii 1 2 Introduction 1 What Is Organizational Behavior? 3 The Individual

Merchant Of Venice Character Analysis - 1119 Words

The play succeeds because of it’s raw realism. By making none of the characters admirable, it is actually a mirror of society itself. Usually people do have qualities that are not admirable and that it why the play succeeds, because it shows the true characteristics of humans in today’s society. It also shows human characteristics, of humans as a generalization. When evaluating the question of the plays merit, it can be tied back to the same idea. Therefore, the play succeeds in staying true to the nature of humankind itself and revealing the faults in society. The problematic and insignificant nature of society can be seen through the characters, particularly Portia, Shylock, Antonio and Bassanio. Each individual character has their own†¦show more content†¦This allows the reader to understand the faults in the character of both Portia and Nerissa, because they do not feel secure in their relationships and feel the need to have justification for them. By the m en giving them the rings they become aware of their relationships and are able to use that as a way to control their husbands thereafter, since they have that evidence of their betrayal. The court scene also shows the faults in the justice that is being served, because of the characters resentment towards Shylock. Shylock’s character is flawed because he is Jewish and wealthy. The characters find him flawed because they don’t agree with his beliefs. Shylock is also flawed, because of his wealth, which makes him a common enemy for those who borrow from him. From evaluating Shylock’s character as a whole we become aware of the idea that his bond becoming revenge was actually the result of him losing his daughter. Therefore, he becomes a much more relatable character, to the audience because his grief becoming revenge is common to seek relief or closure. Therefore, his fault is justified, because he seeks revenge for his daughter running away, but also for her running away with a man he disapproved of. Therefore, Shylock’s faults make him appeal to the audience, because it is most common that they would do the same if put in that situation. H owever, his idea of justice was not served because of the biasShow MoreRelatedMerchant Of Venice Character Analysis1027 Words   |  5 PagesThe characters in The Merchant of Venice teeter between the roles of protagonist and antagonist as Antonio, Shylock, and Portia contend among the unstable lines between that of victim, villain, and hero as the characters reveal their tendencies of schadenfreude behavior which discloses on their true nature -- are they innately evil or are they justly moral? Antonio, the regarded protagonist of the play, and the merchant that is named in the title of The Merchant of Venice is shown as a characterRead MoreMerchant Of Venice Shylock Character Analysis762 Words   |  4 PagesThe Merchant of Venice is one of Shakespeare’s most widely known and controversial comedies. Written in the late 1590s, its’ controversy stems from the modern mindset between tolerance and prejudice. Shylock, who was â€Å"at once a fabulous monster, the Jew incarnate, and also a troubling human uneasily joined with the monster in an uncanny blend†, is now looked at as a victim in light of the prejudice bestowed upon him now being recognized. Shylock’s character is so stereotypically Jewish that he becomesRead MoreCharacter Analysis of Shylock from The Merchant of Venice469 Words   |  2 PagesWilliam Shakespeares The Merchant of Venice is a classic play that has also brought about some issues revolving around the antagonist of the story Shylock. The purpose of this essay is to discuss the character of Shylock in the play and also introduce the uses of that name throughout history down to the present day. Shylock in Shakespeares work is a money lending Jew who pursues money with strong vigor and attachment. Shylock is also portrayed as literally bloodthirsty as he demands punishmentRead MoreThe Merchant of Venice939 Words   |  4 PagesThese are two of Shakespearean antagonists of all time. They are alike in more ways than one. Shylock in Merchant of Venice is a Jewish moneylender based in Venice. He has been tormented and repressed mainly by the Christian population. One finds it easy to sympathize with him mainly because he has his own reasons to be loathing, greedy, and miserly. This ends up making the entire ‘Merchant of Venice’ bittersweet. This was when Shylock was forced to give up all that he owned and further converted itRead MoreTaming Of The Shrew And The Merchant Of Venice1612 Words   |  7 PagesThe role of woman in the society has always been really controversial, whether it was 400 years ago or now. Shakespeares two very famous comedy plays, The Taming of the Shrew and The Merchant of Venice challenge a very serious social issue, the role and importance of woman in society. We all know the stereotypical image of woman in the society but Shakespeare questions the society on these thoughts through his plays. While Shakespeare expresses his ideas in a very unique way in each of his playsRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s The Merchant Of Venice989 Words   |  4 PagesThe Play Analysis of The Merchant of Venice The Merchant of Venice is one of Shakespeare Comedy’s published in the First Folio. (McDonald 212) This analysis will review the written work of the play and the production from the Sweet Tea Shakespeare Theater Group. An overview on a few on the main stories within the play: the animosity in the relationship between Antonio the merchant and Shylock the Jewish moneylender, the courtship of Bassanio and Portia, and the secret eloping of Jessica and LorenzoRead MoreMerchant of Venice - Plot Structure1714 Words   |  7 Pagesof ‘The Merchant of Venice is apparently fanciful but in reality exactingly structured./b/center br brThe Merchant of Venice is a fairy tale. There is no more reality in Shylocks bond and the Lord of Belmonts will than in Jack and the Beanstalk. brH. Granville-Barker, in Prefaces to Shakespeare. br brThis is one way of looking at the play, reading it or enjoying the performance. But it can be a contradiction to our actual feelings about this complex play. ‘The Merchant of VeniceRead MoreRacism And Prejudice By William Shakespeare s The Merchant Of Venice Essay1699 Words   |  7 Pagesreligion and what they believe in, however there is racism and prejudice present in the world. William Shakespeare’s The Merchant of Venice is one of his most controversial plays. Written in the 16th century England, the play poses many questions concerning racial, religious and human differences due to anti-semitism being very common at the time. The story is set in Venice where a merchant named Antonio lived. His poor friend Bassanio wants to charm and marry a lovely, rich girl of Belmont called PortiaRead MoreMerchant Of Venice Essay Outline956 Words   |  4 Pages The Merchant of Venice Essay Outline Introduction: Hook: The theme is the main subject or message of a story. It is used to give depth and enhance the plot. The themes of The Merchant of Venice are used throughout the story of the play to make the plot move along and to encourage the characters into action. Bridge: When you read The Merchant of Venice by William Shakespeare there are many themes throughout the play and many lessons to be learned. Main Ideas: The most important themes are hatredRead More Shakespeares Presentation of Shylock in The Merchant of Venice831 Words   |  4 PagesShakespeares Presentation of Shylock in The Merchant of Venice This essay is an analysis of how the character of Shylock, in the play The Merchant of Venice, is presented to the audience, by Shakespeare, in different ways. The riveting play shows the best and worst aspects of human nature and contains one of Shakespeares most reviled, complex and compelling characters. Love and romance end this play, yet before that come bigotry, racism, hatred, death threats and

To Kill a Mockingbird Passage Free Essays

â€Å"If you had a clear conscience, why were you scared? † â€Å"Like I says before, it weren’t safe for any nigger to be in a—fix like that. † â€Å"But you weren’t in a fix—you testified that you were resisting Miss Ewell. Were you so scared that she’d hurt you, you ran, a big buck like you? † â€Å"No suh, I’s scared I’d be in court, just like I am now. We will write a custom essay sample on To Kill a Mockingbird Passage or any similar topic only for you Order Now † â€Å"Scared of arrest, scared you’d have to face up to what you did? † â€Å"No suh, scared I’d hafta face up to what I didn’t do. † â€Å"Are you being impudent to me, boy? † â€Å"No suh, I didn’t go to be. † This was as much as I heard of Mr. Gilmer’s cross-examination, because Jem made me take Dill out. For some reason Dill had started crying and couldn’t stop; quietly at first, then his sobs were heard by several people in the balcony. Jem said if I didn’t go with him he’d make me, and Reverend Sykes said I’d better go, so I went. Dill had seemed to be all right that day, nothing wrong with him, but I guessed he hadn’t fully recovered from running away. â€Å"Ain’t you feeling good? † I asked, when we reached the bottom of the stairs. Dill tried to pull himself together as we ran down the south steps. Mr. Link Deas was a lonely figure on the top step. â€Å"Anything happenin‘, Scout? † he asked as we went by. No sir,† I answered over my shoulder. â€Å"Dill here, he’s sick. † â€Å"Come on out under the trees,† I said. â€Å"Heat got you, I expect. † We chose the fattest live oak and we sat under it. â€Å"It was just him I couldn’t stand,† Dill said. â€Å"Who, Tom? † â€Å"That old Mr. Gilmer doin‘ him thataway, talking so hateful to him—† â€Å"Dill, that’s his job. Why, if we didn’t have prosecutors—well, we couldn’t have defense attorneys, I reckon. † Dill exhaled patiently. â€Å"I know all that, Scout. It was the way he said it made me sick, plain sick. † â€Å"He’s supposed to act that way, Dill, he was cross—† Page 202 He didn’t act that way when—† â€Å"Dill, those were his own witnesses. † â€Å"Well, Mr. Finch didn’t act that way to Mayella and old man Ewell when he crossexamined them. The way that man called him ‘boy’ all the time an‘ sneered at him, an’ looked around at the jury every time he answered—† â€Å"Well, Dill, after all he’s just a Negro. † â€Å"I don’t care one speck. It ain’t right, somehow it ain’t right to do ‘em that w ay. Hasn’t anybody got any business talkin’ like that—it just makes me sick. † â€Å"That’s just Mr. Gilmer’s way, Dill, he does ‘em all that way. You’ve never seen him get good’n down on one yet. Why, when—well, today Mr. Gilmer seemed to me like he wasn’t half trying. They do ’em all that way, most lawyers, I mean. † â€Å"Mr. Finch doesn’t. † â€Å"He’s not an example, Dill, he’s—† I was trying to grope in my memory for a sharp phrase of Miss Maudie Atkinson’s. I had it: â€Å"He’s the same in the courtroom as he is on the public streets. † â€Å"That’s not what I mean,† said Dill. â€Å"I know what you mean, boy,† said a voice behind us. We thought it came from the tree-trunk, but it belonged to Mr. Dolphus Raymond. He peered around the trunk at us. â€Å"You aren’t thin-hided, it just makes you sick, doesn’t it? † Page 203 How to cite To Kill a Mockingbird Passage, Papers

Report on Overpopulation and Aspects of Design

Introduction Overpopulation refers to stretching in terms of size and capacity due to limited resources and space. Overpopulation occurs as a result of high population densities. High population densities occur when the ratio of people to the size of land is not equal. High population densities are as a result of high birth rates which lead to pressure on available resources (Newman 2008).Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Report on Overpopulation and Aspects of Design specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Existing resources can only satisfy sufficiently a certain number of people and once the population explodes, social issues arise. These include poor sanitation, poor housing and increased poverty. Overpopulation is a major challenge in developing countries where people have continuously exceeded the normal size. This has led to pressure on space and land. Solutions to Overpopulation Land is a fixed resource therefor e innovative ways need to be devised to use it. Several options are available to tackle overpopulation including economic, technical and social options like conservation, recycling, population controls through government legislation, educating people, and use of new technologies offered by art, engineering and architecture. Countries may implement measures to reduce birth rates or offer options to control putting up of buildings (Brym Lie 2007, Newman 2008). It is important to understand the root cause of overpopulation, which is scarce space. This means that if space is used efficiently, the problem of overpopulation can be greatly reduced. One angle is applying innovation in how buildings are designed and erected to utilize little space. Several architectural designs and drawings have been advanced by different experts in design and building of houses (Fawcett 2003). Independent research My independent research covered hexagonal housing units often refered to as vertical cities. Emergence of vertical cities Based on my independent research, development of housing and commercial units ‘horizontally’ tends to use up more space. As a result, developments by a Malaysian architect, Tay Wee, propose the design of ‘vertical cities’ which are made up of hexagonal housing units that offer a solution to the problem of overpopulation mostly experienced in Asian cities where population has exceeded the space available (Bernick, K 2010). This development supports the idea that as population continues to burst; more units can be added to the facility or structure to accommodate the ever increasing population. It is termed as a â€Å"plug-in development† which borrows heavily from Le Corbusie’s theory, a French architect, who made advanced developments in architectural styles and emphasized the idea that â€Å"a house is a machine for living†( Bernick, K 2010).Advertising Looking for report on art and design? Let's see i f we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In this proposed model, the city authorities own the building. They build it upon consideration of aspects like costs, accessibility, durability, ability to withstand tension, materials for construction and usability. Upon the erection of the original structure, more hexagonal units can be â€Å"plugged in† to the initial structure to accommodate new and upcoming families who want to settle down into homes (Bernick, K 2010). When putting up the initial structure, arrangements should be made to accommodate recreational needs and facilities hence these areas maybe left as open spaces. The fascinating thing with this design is the ease of dismantling which implies that it promotes mobility hence it can be moved to another upcoming area in the event of pressures of population or growth of new cities which present better options for settlement of population. The design of the building assumes that the structu re will have a longer and sustainable life as compared to the degrading city and surroundings. This can be particularly applied in developing countries where better building solutions like ‘vertical cities’ have not been employed as this considers the fact that land is a scarce resource (Bernick, K 2010). Aspects of design Aspects of design refer to the elements that are considered to promote symmetry in the successful implementation of different architectural styles. These aspects revolve around shape, material, cost, accessibility, usability, effectiveness and durability. Design involves conceiving in the mind sketches and plans to be executed or constructed (Downton 2003). Based on the idea of vertical cities, aspects of design are equally taken into consideration and are discussed below. Usability In this particular case, usability is one of the core aspects. Usability refers to the ease of use and re-use in terms of ability to replicate the concept and make improve ments to it. The idea behind hexagonal units is to â€Å"plug in† new housing units to the existing structure. This implies that the initial structure can be modified vertically depending how well the initial concrete slab was designed to withstand tension in terms of pressure and weight. Usability is brought about by the ability to continuously add more units without exerting pressure on horizontal space due to the fact that vertical space is being used (Gudnason Scherer 2012). Usability is equally brought about in the sense that this model can be replicated in towns experiencing similar overpopulation problems and used to curb the social issue. This idea is supported by the fact that the structure is flexible and can easily be dismantled hence it is very mobile. Accessibility The second aspect of design is accessibility. It refers to the degree in which a product, which in this case is a building, is readily available to as many individuals as possible. Accessibility in th is design can be looked at from an angle of mobility in the sense that in the event of development of new cities, the structure can be moved to new found areas. People are not restricted to their initial areas of settlement.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Report on Overpopulation and Aspects of Design specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Cost Cost refers to the monetary or non-monetary investment that is used in development of something (Levitt Bernstein 2010). This design saves costs in terms of time due to the option of plugging in† of hexagonal units. One does not have to undergo the problem of setting up initial structures. This style significantly reduces financial cost. This is in terms of acquiring of new space or land to put up more units. The style makes use of vertical space to accommodate new or upcoming units. The initial cost of setting up the concrete slab might be costly hence care must be ta ken to ensure that durability and strength of the structure is not compromised as a result of concentrating on cost-cutting measures. Conclusion The overpopulation problem poses a major strain to many resources which include land and social amenities. Several options are available to tackle the ever increasing problem of population pressure. Architecture has presented several styles in design that if employed can greatly manage the overpopulation problems as indicated above. Different advancements have been laid out that can be used in countries experiencing this social issue to ease congestion and over reliance on land as a fixed resource. It is important to appreciate the fact that architecture and engineering could provide several options that can be employed by countries experiencing overpopulation problems. References Bernick, K (2010), Plug your hexagonal house into this vertical city. Web. Gudnason, G Scherer, R. J (2012), E-Work and E-Business in Architecture, Engineering a nd Construction. CRC Press,United Kingdom. Brym, R.J Lie, J (2007), Sociology: Your Compass for a New World. Cengage Learning Inc, USA.Advertising Looking for report on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Downton, P(2003), Design Research. RMIT, Australia. Fawcett, P (2003), Architecture Design Notebook. Elsevier Science, USA. Levitt, D Bernstein, L (2010), The Housing Design Handbook: A guide to Good Practice. Routlege, USA. Newman, D (2008), Sociology: Exploring the Architecture of Everyday Life. Pine Forge Press, USA. This report on Report on Overpopulation and Aspects of Design was written and submitted by user Finn Shaw to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Free Essays on Pompeii

The morning of August 24th 79 A.D. started out as any other day in Pompeii. The streets were full of people trying to do their daily chores and activities, unaware that it was the day that would be forever engraved in history. The Pompeians settled in that area mainly because of soil and agriculture, but were also mesmerized by the beautiful location. They did not know the dangers of the neighboring volcano and so believed themselves to be very lucky to find such a place. The Pompeians were led to immortalization by uncontrollable forces of nature and their lack of knowledge. Although a very unfortunate disaster, Pompeii provided future generations with a great deal of knowledge about their civilization. Campania, the region in western Italy where the site of Pompeii is located attracted its inhabitants with its fertility, rich soil and magnificent location. The main reason the Pompeians settled in Campania was for the soil. The ashes from previous eruptions had changed to rich, volcanic soil full of minerals, providing great agriculture. Some areas had up to three crops of grain per year. Historians have concluded, â€Å"In ancient times, the region’s crop yield was 6 times higher than the average of the rest of the peninsula.† However, the soil and the crops were not the only reason the Pompeians inhabited Campania. The splendid and magnificent location did its fair share in attracting the population. Pompeii was situated only 500 m from the Mediterranean Sea, which helped give it a warm, pleasant climate. Unfortunately, the Pompeians were not aware that this picturesque setting was hiding a deadly force hide it, and many souls were trapped and immortalized inside the â€Å"paradise† land. Due to the lack of evidence and knowledge, the people of Pompeii were shocked to have the mountain disrupt a typical day of their simple lives. Several authors say that the inhabitants of Pompeii were attending a performance in the amphitheate... Free Essays on Pompeii Free Essays on Pompeii Pompeii Pompeii is possibly the best-documented catastrophe in Antiquity. Because of it, we know now how the Pompeians lived because they left behind an extensive legacy of art, including monuments, sculptures and paintings. Pompeii lay on a plateau of ancient lava near the Bay of Naples in western Italy in a region called Campania, less than 1.6 kilometers from the foot of Mount Vesuvius. With the coast to the west and the Apennine Mountains to the East, Campania is a fertile plain, traversed by two major rivers and rich soil. However, in the early days, it was not a remarkable city. Scholars have not been able to identify Pompeii’s original inhabitants. The first people to settle in this region were probably prehistoric hunters and fishers. By at least the eight century B.C., a group of Italic people known as the Oscans occupied the region; they most likely established Pompeii, although the exact date of its origin is unknown. â€Å"The root of the word Pompeii would appear to be t he Oscan word for the number five, pompe, which suggests that either the community consisted of five hamlets or, perhaps, was settled by a family group (gens Pompeia)†(Kraus 7). In the course of the eight century B.C., Greek and Etruscan colonization stimulated the development of Pompeii as a city around the area of the Forum. A point for important trade routes, it became a place for trading towards the inland. Up until the middle of the 5th century B.C., the city was dominated politically by the Etruscans. In the course of the 6th century B.C., the influence of Greek culture is also documented by terracottas, ceramics and architecture. A group of warriors from Samnium, called Samnite, invaded the region in the 400’s B.C. Pompeii remained a relatively unimportant village until the 200’s B.C., when the town entered a prosperous period of building and expansion. The Romans defeated the Samnites, and Pompeii became part of the emerging Roman state. Pomp... Free Essays on Pompeii The morning of August 24th 79 A.D. started out as any other day in Pompeii. The streets were full of people trying to do their daily chores and activities, unaware that it was the day that would be forever engraved in history. The Pompeians settled in that area mainly because of soil and agriculture, but were also mesmerized by the beautiful location. They did not know the dangers of the neighboring volcano and so believed themselves to be very lucky to find such a place. The Pompeians were led to immortalization by uncontrollable forces of nature and their lack of knowledge. Although a very unfortunate disaster, Pompeii provided future generations with a great deal of knowledge about their civilization. Campania, the region in western Italy where the site of Pompeii is located attracted its inhabitants with its fertility, rich soil and magnificent location. The main reason the Pompeians settled in Campania was for the soil. The ashes from previous eruptions had changed to rich, volcanic soil full of minerals, providing great agriculture. Some areas had up to three crops of grain per year. Historians have concluded, â€Å"In ancient times, the region’s crop yield was 6 times higher than the average of the rest of the peninsula.† However, the soil and the crops were not the only reason the Pompeians inhabited Campania. The splendid and magnificent location did its fair share in attracting the population. Pompeii was situated only 500 m from the Mediterranean Sea, which helped give it a warm, pleasant climate. Unfortunately, the Pompeians were not aware that this picturesque setting was hiding a deadly force hide it, and many souls were trapped and immortalized inside the â€Å"paradise† land. Due to the lack of evidence and knowledge, the people of Pompeii were shocked to have the mountain disrupt a typical day of their simple lives. Several authors say that the inhabitants of Pompeii were attending a performance in the amphitheate...

Biography of John Ford, Oscar-Winning Film Director

Biography of John Ford, Oscar-Winning Film Director John Ford (February 1, 1894 - August 31, 1973) was one of the greatest film directors of all time. He won four Best Director Academy Awards, more than any other director. He is best known for his Westerns, but multiple of his novel adaptations stand among the best films of all time. Fast Facts: John Ford Full Name: Sean Aloysius FeeneyOccupation: Film directorBorn: February 1, 1894 in Cape Elizabeth, MaineDied: August 31, 1973 in Palm Desert, CaliforniaSpouse: Mary McBride SmithSelected Films: Stagecoach (1939), The Grapes of Wrath (1940), How Green Was My Valley (1941), The Searchers (1956)Key Achievements: 4 Academy Awards for Best Director and the Presidential Medal of FreedomNotable Quote: It is easier to get an actor to be a cowboy than to get a cowboy to be an actor. Early Life and Education Born into an Irish immigrant family in Maine, John Ford (born Sean Aloysius Feeney) grew up in a moderately prosperous environment. His father owned saloons in Portland, Maines largest city. Ford was one of eleven children. Many of John Fords subsequent film projects related to his Irish heritage. The young John Ford played football in high school. He earned the nickname Bull for his habit of lowering his helmet as he charged the line. Fords older brother, Francis, left Portland to seek a career in New York in the theater around the year 1900. He was successful and took the stage name Francis Ford. By 1910, Francis moved to California to seek a movie career. After high school graduation, in 1914, Francis younger brother, John, moved to California with the hope of launching his own career. Silent Films John Ford got his start in Hollywood as an assistant in the production of his older brothers movies. He served as a stuntman, handyman, double for his brother, and occasional actor. Despite a contentious relationship between the two, within three years, John was his brothers primary assistant and often operated the camera. By the time John Ford made his debut as a director in 1917, Francis Fords career was on the decline. Between 1917 and 1928, the younger Ford worked on more than 60 silent films. However, only ten of them survive fully intact. For his entire career, John Ford was one of the busiest directors in Hollywood, but the silent years were unusually productive even by his standard. The Lottery Man (1919). Corbis Historical / Getty Images John Ford had his first significant success as a director with the 1924 epic The Iron Horse, about the building of the First Transcontinental Railroad. He filmed it on location in the Sierra Nevada mountains with 5,000 extras, 2,000 horses, and a cavalry regiment. Among the props used were an original stagecoach used by newspaper publisher Horace Greeley and Wild Bill Hickoks pistol. The movie earned an estimated $2 million on a budget of $280,000. Westerns John Ford is best remembered for his Westerns. From the 1930s through the 1960s, he helped design the look and feel of classic Western film. One of his favorite actors, John Wayne, appeared in more than 20 of his films as a featured actor. Wayne was in countless more projects near the beginning of his career performing as an extra. Stagecoach (1939). Moviepix / Getty Images Despite his early success with The Iron Horse, Ford didnt direct any Westerns between 1926 and 1939. However, when he once again returned to the frontier, Ford created what many critics consider one of the best films of all time. Stagecoach appeared in 1939, and the story of mismatched strangers thrown together in the vast emptiness of the West while riding through dangerous Apache territory thrilled audiences. It earned seven Academy Award nominations including Best Picture and Best Director. Thomas Mitchell won for Best Supporting Actor. Orson Welles reportedly studied Stagecoach in his preparations for making Citizen Kane. During World War II, John Ford served in the U.S. Navy Reserve creating wartime documentaries. He won Oscars for two of his films. He was with the U.S. military on D-Day and filmed the beach landing. He was recognized for his bravery during the war after suffering injuries while documenting attacks. American film director John Ford (1894 - 1973) in uniform as a Rear Admiral in the United States Naval Reserve, circa, 1957. Â  Pictorial Parade / Getty Images John Fords first movie after his service in World War II was 1946s My Darling Clementine, a Western featuring another of the directors favorite actors, Henry Fonda. He followed it with the so-called cavalry trilogy of movies starring John Wayne. They included 1948s Fort Apache, 1949s She Wore a Yellow Ribbon, and 1950s Rio Grande. Fords next Western didnt appear until 1956. Starring Jeffrey Hunter and rising star Natalie Wood, The Searchers quickly became a classic. In 2008, the American Film Institute named it the Greatest Western of All Time. In 1962, John Ford released The Man Who Shot Liberty Valance starring James Stewart and John Wayne. Many observers consider it the last great Ford film. It was a major success and one of the top 20 moneymaking films of the year. Cheyenne Autumn, the final John Ford Western, appeared in 1964. Unfortunately, it was not a success at the box office and was the most expensive film of the legendary directors career. John Ford directing My Darling Clementine (1946). Bettmann / Getty Images Classic Novel Adaptations Despite his association with Westerns, John Ford didnt win any of his Best Picture Oscars for them. Three of the four awards came with novel adaptations. The fourth wove the feature-length film The Quiet Man out of a short story. The first John Ford film to be nominated for an Academy Award for Best Picture was the 1931 adaptation of Sinclair Lewiss novel Arrowsmith. Ford won his first Oscar for Best Director adapting Liam OFlahertys The Informer in 1935, a tale of the Irish War of Independence. In 1940, Ford took on John Steinbecks Great Depression novel The Grapes of Wrath. It was the directors third consecutive film working with the young actor Henry Fonda. Coming shortly after the end of the Great Depression, the movie was a huge success. It earned Ford his second Best Picture Oscar, and The Grapes of Wrath is often included on lists of the best films of all time. John Fords third Best Director Oscar came a year later with his adaptation of the Welsh mining saga How Green Was My Valley. It famously beat out Citizen Kane for the 1941 Best Picture Academy Award. The movie is a classic working-class drama in the spirit of Fords previous Oscar-winning efforts. How Green Was My Valley (1941). Corbis Historical / Getty Images Fords final Academy Award for Best Director came with a film that his movie company didnt want to make. With pressure from Ford, they funded 1952s The Quiet Man, a short story adaptation set in Ireland starring John Wayne. The worry was unfounded. In addition to winning John Ford an unprecedented fourth Best Director nod, it was one of the top ten moneymaking films of the year. Later Career Despite being dogged by ill health and declining eyesight, John Ford worked well into the 1960s. He completed Donovans Reef, his last film with John Wayne, in 1963. It was Fords final major commercial success, earning over $3 million at the box office. His last feature film, 7 Women, appeared in 1966. It was a story about missionary women in China trying to protect themselves from a Mongolian warlord. Unfortunately, the movie was a commercial flop. The Man Who Shot Liberty Valance (1962). Corbis Historical / Getty Images John Fords final completed project was a documentary on the most decorated U.S. marine titled Chesty: A Tribute to a Legend. It featured narration by John Wayne. Though filmed in 1970, it wasnt released until 1976. Ford died in August 1973. Legacy John Ford continues to hold the record for the most Best Director Academy Awards won with four. He also earned Oscars for two wartime documentaries. In 1973, he was the first recipient of the American Film Institutes Life Achievement Award. In the same year, Ford received the Presidential Medal of Freedom. He wasnt the only person winning awards for his films. John Ford directed a total of four Academy Award-winning acting performances, and ten appearances in his movies earned nominations. Source Eyman, Scott. Print the Legend: The Life and Times of John Ford. Simon Schuster, 2012.

Critical Appraisal of the International Accounting Standard Dissertation

Critical Appraisal of the International Accounting Standard - Dissertation Example The comparison focusing on the latter group is a means to identify whether there would be an increase in the degree of accounting quality that a firm has after utilizing and applying IAS 40 in their policies and processes. In that light, the researcher aims to determine the prospect of improvement of a firm's accounting quality and financial reporting with the use of International Accounting Standards on Investment Property. One of the key objectives of the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) is to formulate a singular guideline that would establish accounting standards of high quality that must be comprehensible, as well as practical and practicable for the sake of public interest. Such guideline would encompass the accounting framework across the globe, which mandates transparent and analogous data of financial statements dedicated to a universal rationale (IASB) (Ashbaugh & Pincus 2001). With that philosophy in mind, the IASB has made the necessary measures to eliminate permissible accounting practices and policies that would serve as alternatives (Leuz et al 2003; Tarca 2004). In addition, the board has necessitated that the accounting measures enforced in IAS mirror the performance of a firm based on its economic position (Street & Gray 2001; Tarca 2004; Hung & Subramanyam 2004). With these two premises in mind, one can note that the application of IAS is directed towards the development of accounting quality among firms. A firm's accounting quality poses the probability to improve provided that alternatives are eliminated and the perusal of developing the degree to which the concept of accounting measurements aim to echo the limit of a firm's economic position, which would then be based on the prerogative of the management in reporting accounting amounts that pose an inferior representation of a firm's economic performance, such as the process of managing earnings (Bartov, Goldberg & Kim 2004; Daske 2006; Leuz 2003). With that concept in mind, the researcher aims to identify whether accounting amounts that have been identified with the help of IAS present higher quality, as opposed to those determined by GAAP (Leuz 2003).  

Drug Addiction a Disease of the Brain Research Paper

Drug Addiction a Disease of the Brain - Research Paper Example On the other hand, the other side of the debate seeks to explain drug addiction by way of verifiable/measurable proof to label it as an actual disease. This brief analysis will attempt to provide the reader with a better understanding of both of these arguments, how they relate to the issue of drug abuse/addiction, and which of the two may be better in helping to explain the societal problems that are born from drug use/abuse. The first position which will be examined in this analysis will attempt to understand the views within the medical community with regards to the role that willpower plays in helping patients to overcome and continue to remain drug free. In expounding upon this view, the first article which was reviewed, Jacobsen’s â€Å"Theories Of Addiction: Methamphetamine Users' Explanations For Continuing Drug Use And Relapse â€Å", helps to paint the picture for why willpower in and of itself can often be the best means towards leading the user towards sobriety. With regards to treating drug abuse as a breakdown/failure of will, there are few options which the author puts forward. As such, the author attempts to quantify and lay out a framework for how willpower can be exorcised to help the drug user successfully quit their addiction. Although helpful in understanding one of the prime mechanisms by which the drug user can put away their habits, such an approach is simplistic and does not consider the physical dependence that is exhibited within many drug addicts (Caitlin et al 296). The fact of the matter is that drug addiction can be viewed as a function of time. For instance, the willpower model that has been mentioned may well work when the potential drug user is first presented with the opportunity to take drugs for the first time. In this way, a strong sense of will power and/or self assertion and presence of mind could keep the individual drug free in any given circumstance; however, once the individual has made the willful step to in gest, smoke, snort, or otherwise take drugs, there is often little that can be done to attempt to reclaim a sense of moral fortitude. It is important to note that this is not to say that the drug user is somehow inhuman and beyond help. There doubtless are many cases in which the drug user has come to a sense of realization and has decided that they must put away drugs in order to preserve their own life and happiness (as well as the life and happiness of their family and loved ones) (Miller 16). Unfortunately, this is not the norm. Rather, addiction is usually typified by a selfish need/satisfaction matrix. Rather than being aware of basic human emotions that are driven by a sense of shame and the need to use willpower over an issue in order to fix it, the user/abuser oftentimes is completely unaware of such logic as they are chemically bound to seeking the next high. As such, any across the board statements with relation to how the individual should simply realize that they are de pendent and exert a sense of willpower over the vice as a means of bettering their own life is patently short-sighted. In this way, a more complete and differentiated approach to dealing with and understanding drug abuse is necessary to work to assuage the problem. The second approach with which this brief analysis will consider

Cassandra as a Tragic Figure :: essays research papers

Cassandra as a Tragic Figure   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Cassandra is a tragic figure in Agamemnon. She is destroyed by a web of circumstances beyond her control, but not beyond her awareness. Cassandra has full knowledge of what is going to happen, yet she cannot change the tragic events. Cassandra’s tragic role is Agamemnon is best filled in three instances: as Cassandra is getting out of the chariot, during her dialogue with the leader of the chorus when she reveals her prophecy, and as she is approaching the doors to face her death.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Cassandra is waiting in the chariot and the leader of the chorus persuades her to come out of the chariot. Cassandra is very hesitant to get out of the chariot because she knows what is about to happen: â€Å"God of the long road, Apollo Apollo my destroyer-you destroy me once, destroy me twice-â€Å"(145.1078.1080) Cassandra has already been destroyed by having true prophecy that no one will believe and once again she knows she is going to be destroyed by murder.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Cassandra begins to have dialogue with the Leader of the chorus. The Leader does not understand what is being said so Cassandra finally says, â€Å"Agamemnon, you will see him dead.†(153.1259) At this point this Leader says, â€Å"Peace, poor girl! Put those words to sleep.†(153.1260) The Leader thinks that she is just imaging things and that what she says is not possible. Cassandra cannot do a thing to stop what is about to happen, yet she is completely aware of what is going to happen.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Towards the end, Cassandra walks toward the doors of the house to face her fate. She realizes that there is nothing left that she can do: â€Å"Well, I must go in now, mourning Agamemnon’s death and mine. Enough of life!†(157.1335.1337) Cassandra knows her death is closer now than ever before, but she does not try to fight it. She has no control over what happens.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Cassandra is a tragic figure in Agamemnon who is destroyed by a web of circumstances beyond her control, but not beyond her

Hymer International Operations Of National Firms Economics Essay

This study has discussed different theoretical model of FDI that takes topographic point. These theories briefly explicate why houses go to problem when set uping or geting abroad. Theories that use on this study are Hymer ‘s parts, merchandise life-cycle theory, caves theory, internalization theory, the eclectic paradigm, strategic motives of foreign direct investing and investing way development ( IDP ) theory. This study besides evaluates Honda automotive as an illustration on how they survive and compete in the competitory international markets nowadays with utilizing FDI theoretical accounts, statistics and theories. Based on these analyses, I feel that FDI takes an of import function to both foreign and host states and besides impact steadfast behavior or effects on host economic systems.IntroductionThis study will discourse Foreign Direct Investment theories and measure the FDI of a taking participant industry that chosen, Toyota, Japan. Foreign direct investing ( FDI ) is the name given to treat where a house from a state provides capital to an bing or newly-created house in another state ( Jones, 2006 # 1 ) . For illustration, a foreign house may make up one's mind to set-up production in the UK and by so making will prosecuting in the procedure known as FDI. Firms turn uping production in more than one state are frequently referred to as transnational endeavors ( MNEs ) . Tormenting ( 1981 ) notes there are two chief jobs with sing FDI. First, FDI is more than merely the transportation of capital, since merely as significantly it involves the transportation of engineering, direction and organisational accomplishments. Second, the resources are transferred within the house instead than between two independent parties in the market topographic point, as is the instance with capital ( Jones, 2006 # 1 ) . These factors give FDI own a alone cardinal theories and frequently cited as Hymer ( 1960 ) international operations of national houses ; Vernon à ¢â‚¬Ëœs ( 1966 ) merchandise life-cycle theory ; Cave ‘s ( 1971 ) horizontal and perpendicular theories ; Buckley and Casson ( 1976 ) Internalization theory ; Dunning ( 1977 ) eclectic theory ; Graham ( 1978 ) strategic behaviour of houses and John Dunning ( 1981 ) investing development way ( IDP ) theory. This study will get down by analyzing the Hymer ( 1960 ) theory. ( Keywords: Foreign Direct Investment, FDI, theory, Japan FDI, Honda )Literature Review1.1 Hymer ( 1960 ) international operations of national housesHymer ‘s ( 1960 ) , who saw defects in the prevailing position that direct investings and portfolio were synonymous with one another. Hymer noted that direct investing was chiefly performed by houses in fabrication, whereas there was a predomination of fiscal administrations involved in portfolio investing ( Jones, 2006 # 1 ) . Hymer was besides explained why direct investings across assorted states ( Kogut, 1998 # 2 ) . Hymer ( 1960 ) expressed his dissatisfaction with the theory of indirect ( or portfolio ) capital transportations to explicate the foreign value-added activities of houses ( Dunning, 2008 # 3 ) . In peculiar, he identified three grounds for his discontent. The first was that one time uncertainness and hazard, the cost of geting information and volatile exchange rates and doing minutess were incorporated into classi cal portfolio theory, many anticipations, for illustration, with regard to the cross-border motions of money capital in response to involvement rate alterations, became nullified. This was because such market imperfectnesss modified the behavioral parametric quantities impacting public presentation of houses and the behavior and, in peculiar, scheme in serving foreign markets ( Tormenting, 2008 # 3 ) . Second, Hymer stated that FDI involved the transportation of a bundle of resource ( i.e engineering, entrepreneurship, direction accomplishments, and so on ) , and non merely finance capital which portfolio theories such as Iversen ( 1935 ) had sought to explicate. The 3rd and possibly most cardinal feature of FDI was that it involved no alteration in the ownership of resources or rights transferred, whereas indirect investing, which was transacted through the market, did ask such a alteration. In effects, the organizational mode of both the dealing of the resources, for illustration, intermediate merchandises, and the value-added activities linked by these minutess was different. Furthermore, Hymer ‘s theory of FDI draws its influence from Bain ‘s ( 1956 ) barriers to entry theoretical account of industrial economic sciences ( Teece, 1985 ) . Hymer Begins by observing that there are barriers to entry for a house desiring to set-up production abroad. These are in the signifier of uncertainness, hazard, and host-country patriotism ( Kogut, 1998 # 2 ) . Uncertainty gives rise to costs in get the better ofing informational disadvantages associated with strangeness with local imposts. Each state has its ain linguistic communications, legal system, economic system and authorities, which place houses from exterior of the state at a disadvantage compared to houses that are of course resident to the state. The 2nd barrier is chauvinistic favoritism by host states, which may happen by the authorities with a protectionist docket, or by consumers of the host st ate who prefer to buy goods from ain national houses for grounds of loyal or trueness inclinations. The concluding barrier manifests itself as an exchange rate hazard ( Kogut, 1998 # 2 ) . As the house has to pay a dividend to its stockholders in the place state it has to repatriate the net incomes back to its ain currency. Given these barriers to international productions, why do houses prosecute in foreign direct investing? Harmonizing to Hymer there are two grounds, whether of which could use, and both of which are expected to increase its net incomes ( Kogut, 1998 # 2 ) . First, the house removes competition from within the industry, by taking-over or by unifying with houses in other states. Second, the house has advantages over other houses runing in a foreign state. Examples of the latter are the ability of the house to get factors of production at a lower cost, the usage of better distributional installations, the ownership of cognition non known to its challengers or a differentiated merchandise that is now known in the other state. Both grounds stress the importance of ‘market imperfectnesss ‘ ( Dunning and Rugman, 1985 ) , and underlying these the investor has direct control of the investing. Overall, these grounds are non sufficient for a house to prosecute in direct foreign investing, as what is necessary is that it must come in the foreign market in order to to the full allow the net incomes, for illustration, a house could licence its merchandise to a house in the foreign state, so that it need non straight put in the market. However, there are jobs with licencing the merchandise. These include the failure to make an understanding with the licensing house over the degrees of end product or monetary values, or the costs involved in the monitoring an understanding made between the houses.1.2 Product Life-Cycle TheoryVernon ( 1966 ) , argued that â€Å" the determination to turn up production is non made by standard factor-cost or labour-cost analysis, but by a more complicated procedure † ( Kogut, 1998 # 2, p.29 ) . The merchandise rhythm theoretical account was introduced in the 1960s to explicate market-seeking production by houses of a peculiar ownership or na tionality ( Dunning, 2008 # 3 ) . On the other manus, the merchandise rhythm was the first dynamic reading of the determiners of, and relationship between, international trade and foreign production ( Dunning, 1996 # 5 ) . It besides introduced some fresh hypotheses sing demand stimulations, engineering leads and slowdowns, and information and communicating costs, which have later proved utile tools in the survey of foreign production and exchange ( Dunning, 1996 # 5 ) . Harmonizing to Vernon, a merchandise has a life rhythm that has three chief phases. These phases are of import as they have deductions for the international location of a merchandise as follows. Phase One: Merchandise development procedure. In other words, the nature of the merchandise that the house is doing is non standardised ( Kogut, 1998 # 2 ) . Phase Two: Maturing merchandise. This means that the demand for the merchandise to be situated near to its market diminutions, which allows for economic systems of graduated table. These impact on the locational determination of the house, particularly as the demand for the merchandise is likely to turn in other states, and the house will hold to make up one's mind whether it is deserving puting up production abroad. Furthermore, this could even intend that the place state experiences exports back to it from the foreign works. Phase Three: Standardized merchandise. This is an extension to the maturating merchandise phase, where the standardization of the merchandise has reached its ‘zenith ‘ , and a concluding model of the merchandise has been found ( Kogut, 1998 # 2 ) .1.3 Caves TheoryCaves ( 1971 ) , expanded upon Hymer ‘s theory of direct investing, and placed it steadfastly in the context of industrial administration theory ( Jones, 2006 # 1 ) . The importance of Caves work is that this theory will associate Hymer ‘s theory of international production to the so current theories of industrial administration on horizontal and perpendicular integrating. Caves identify between houses that engage in horizontal FDI and those that undertake perpendicular FDI ( Dunning, 2008 # 3 ) . Horizontal FDI takes topographic point when a house enters into its ain merchandise market within a foreign state, whereas perpendicular FDI happens when a house enters into the merchandise market at a diffe rent phase of production ( Jones, 2006 # 1 ) .1.4 Internalisation TheoryCoase ( 1937 ) , examines the function that dealing costs play in the formation of administrations known as internalization theory ( Jones, 2006 # 1 ) . In brief, Coase was concerned with why houses exist and why non all minutess in a n economic system occur in the market. Coase besides answered this in footings of the minutess costs involved in utilizing the market, where this is the cost of seeking and finding the market monetary value, or, one time the monetary value is found, the cost of dialogue, subscribing and enforcement of contracts between the parties involved in the dealing. The procedure of internalization is developed to explicate international production and FDI, and one of the taking advocates is Buckley and Casson ( 1976 ) . They present the MNE as basically an extension of the multi-plant house ( Dunning, 2008 # 3 ) . Bucley and Casson note that the operations of house, particularly big houses, take the signifier non merely of bring forthing services and goods, but activities such as selling, preparation, development and research, direction techniques and engagement with fiscal markets. These activities are mutualist and are connected by ‘intermediate merchandises ‘ , taking the signifier of either cognition or stuff merchandises, and expertness. A cardinal intermediate merchandise in the internalization theory of FDI is knowledge. One ground is that cognition takes a considerable period of clip to bring forth, for illustration through development and research, but is extremely hazardous, so that hereafters markets do non be. Sellers of markets may be unwilling to unwrap information, which has unsure value to the purchaser, doing market fail. Further, Sellerss and purchasers of cognition can frequently keep a grade of market power, which leads to a ‘bilateral concentration of power ‘ ( Williamson, 1979 ) , and unsure results ( Dunning, 2008 # 3 ) . These jobs indicate the terrible troubles in licensing and undertaking where information is important. In respects to internationalization, the public good belongings of cognition agencies it is easy transmitted within the house, irrespective of whether it is inside or across national boundaries. This creates internal markets across national boundaries, and as Buckley and Casson province, as houses search for and work cognition to their maximal potency they do so in legion locations, with this taking topographic point on an international graduated table, taking to a â€Å" web of workss on a global footing † ( Jones, 2006 # 1, p.45 ) . The internalization theories of FDI played an of import function in progressing and developing the theory of FDI in the 1970s and have remained popular since that clip ( Dunning, 2008 # 3 ) .1.5 The Eclectic Paradigm( Please refer to postpone 2.1 and 2.2 in reading this subdivision ) Reflecting upon the history of the theory of FDI, Dunning ( 1977 ) noted that it was really much couched in footings of either the structural market failure hypothesis of Hymer and Caves or the internalization attack of Buckley and Casson ( Dunning, 1996 # 5 ) . Tormenting provided an eclectic response to these by conveying the viing theories together to organize a individual theory, or paradigm as it is more frequently referred. The basic premiss of Dunning ‘s paradigm is that it links together Hymer ‘s ownership advantages with the internalization school, and at the same clip adds a locational dimension to the theory, which at the clip had non been to the full explored ( Jones, 2006 # 1 ) . Further, Dunning does pull off to present some new considerations, such as the impact that different state and industry features have on each of the ownership, locational and internalization advantages of FD ( Jones, 2006 # 1 ) . The eclectic paradigm of FDI provinces that a house will straight put in a foreign state merely if it fulfils three conditions. First, the house must possess an ownership-specific plus, which gives it an advantage over other houses and which are sole to the house. Second, it must internalize these assets within the house instead than through catching or licensing. Third, there must be an advantage in setting-up production in a peculiar foreign state instead than trusting on exports ( Blomstrom, 2000 # 8 ) . Different types of ownership ( O ) , locational ( L ) and internalization ( I ) factors are given in Table 1 ( jointly known as OLI ) ( Jones, 2006 # 1 ) . Internalization advantages are the ways that a house maximises the additions from their ownership advantages to avoid or get the better of market imperfectnesss ( Dunning, 1996 # 5 ) . Internalisation-specific advantages consequences in the procedure of production going internal to the house. Reasons for internalization include the turning away of dealing costs, the protection of the good, market and finance, turning away of duties and the ability to capture economic systems of graduated table from production ( Dunning, 2008 # 3 ) . Furthermore, non all of the OLI conditions for FDI will be equally dispersed across states, and hence each status will be determined by the factors that are specific to single states ( Dunning, 1996 # 5 ) . Linkss between the OLI advantages and the country-specific features are summarised in Table 2. For illustration, the ownership-specific advantage of house size is likely to be influenced by market size in the house ‘s place state ( Dunning, 1996 # 5 ) . This is because the larger the market is, the more likely will a house be able to derive ownership-specific advantages in the signifier of economic systems of graduated table. In footings of location-specific factors, labor costs will change across developed and developing states, while conveyance costs are determined by the distance between the host and place states. Finally, country-specific factors are likely to impact the grade to which houses internalise their advantages.1.6 Strategic Motivations of Foreign Direct Invest mentDespite the progresss made by the eclectic attack to FDI, the theory has been criticised for disregarding another facet of FDI theory. Knickerbocker ( 1973 ) , and so advanced by Graham ( 1978, 1998 ) . The distinguished characteristic of the strategic attack to FDI is that is believes that an initial influx of FDI into a state will bring forth a reaction signifier the local manufacturers in that state, so that FDI is a dynamic procedure. The procedure from the domestic manufacturers can either be aggressive or defensive in nature. An aggressive response would be a monetary value war or entry into the foreign house ‘s place market while a defensive response would be an acquisition or amalgamation of other domestic manufacturers to reenforce market power ( Dunning, 1996 # 5 ) .1.7 Investment Development Path TheoryJohn Dunning ‘s ‘investment development way ( IDP ) ‘ theory ( 1981 ) and its latest version ( Tormenting an Narula 1994 ) are implicitly built on the impression that the planetary economic system is needfully hierarchal in footings of the assorted phases of economic development in which its diverse component states are situated. The IDP basically traces out the net cross-border flows of industrial cognition, the flows that are internalised in foreign direct investing ( FDI ) and that restructure and upgrade the planetary economic system, although there is besides the non-equity type of cognition transportation such as licensing, turn-key operations, and the similar. In this manner, the IDP can therefore be position as a cross-border larning curve exhibited by a state that successfully move up the phases of development by geting industrial cognition from its more advanced ‘neighbours ‘ . A move from the ‘U-shaped ‘ ( i.e negative NOI ) part to the ‘wiggle ‘ subdivision of the IDP indicates an ‘equilibration in cognition airing ‘ ( Dunning, 1996 # 5, p.143 ) and that is, a narr owing of the industrial engineering spread between the advanced and the catching-up states. Therefore, IDP curve conceptualised by Dunning is an idealized form based on free-market exchanged of cognition among states ( Dunning, 1996 # 5 ) .Japan Automotive Industry2.1 Components-intensive assembly-based fabrication and FDI( first, trade-conflict-skirting, but subsequently rationalizing type )Cars and auto-parts had long been targeted by the Nipponese authorities as one of the most promising industries in which both higher technological advancement and productiveness were possible and whose merchandises were extremely income elastic. In add-on to cars, another components-intensive, assembly-based industry that successfully emerged in Japan in the 1970s was consumer electronics ( Dunning, 1996 # 5 ) . Both cars and consumer electronics came to capitalize really adroitly on Japan ‘s double industrial construction in which legion little and moderate-sized endeavor coexisted alongs ide a limited figure of large-scale houses ; the former specialised at the comparatively labor-intensive terminal, while the latter operated at the comparatively capital-intensive, scale-based terminal of vertically incorporate fabrication ( Dunning, 2008 # 3 ) . Furthermore, it was besides in Japan ‘s car industry ( at Toyota Motor Co. , to be exact ) that a new fabrication paradigm, ‘lean ‘ or ‘flexible ‘ production, originated as a superior option to ‘Fordist ‘ mass production ( Womack, Jones and Roos, 1990 ) . This technological advancement came to be reflected in lifting engineering exports in the conveyance equipment ( largely, car ) industry. But the really success of constructing up the efficient, large-scale ( hence exploitative of scale/scope economic systems ) hierarchies of assembly operations in extremely differentiated cars and electronics goods, along with increased R & A ; D and technological accretion ( which is reflected in increasing engineering exports ) , resulted in Japan ‘s export thrust and spread outing trade excess. These state of affairss in bend rapidly led to merchandise issues and the crisp grasp of the hankering ( Dunning, 2008 # 3 ) . To besiege protectionism, Nipponese manufacturers of cars and electronics goods began to replace their exports with local assembly operations in the Western markets, chiefly in North America and Europe. Meanwhile, they besides started to bring forth reasonably standardised ( Internet Explorer. Relatively low value added ) parts and constituents, or those that can be cost-effectively produced, locally, both in low-wage developing states, particularly in Asia, and in high-wage Western countries- in the latter, with the installing of labour-cost-reducing and labour-quality-augmenting mechanization equipment largely shipped from Japan. Therefore, a web of Nipponese abroad ventures began to ‘straddle ‘ the advanced host states and the developing host states at the same clip ( Dunning, 2008 # 3 ) . Recently, these assembly-based FDIs are traveling beyond the trade-conflict-skirting stage to make a new stage of rationalised cross-border production and selling. More and more constituents are produced at supplied place to the abroad fabrication outstations. Besides, low-end merchandises ( theoretical accounts ) are assigned to production and selling in the developing host states, particularly in Asia ; some are imported back into Japan. Therefore, we can spot a more refined or more aggressively delineated and specialised signifier of trade within an industry ( i.e intra industry ) or more suitably within a house ( i.e intra- house trade ) and within a production procedure ( i.e inter-process trade ) , a new signifier of trade made possible by rationalisation-seeking type of FDI ( Dunning, 1996 # 5 ) .2.2 Toyota( Please refer to appendix 1 & A ; 2 in reading this subdivision ) The Nipponese market is the most amalgamate of all three markets. Toyota, is a multinational Nipponese international auto maker where headquartered in Aichi, Japan ( Dunning, 2008 # 3 ) . Harmonizing to appendix 1, in 2011, Toyota was the 5th biggest multinational companies with foreign sale as 60.8 per centum of entire. Besides, it has 38 % of its 326,000 workers abroad ( Economist, 2012 # 7 ) . In 2009, Toyota entirely has 36.88 per centum of the rider auto market, 18.29 per centum of the truck market and 79.72 per centum of the coach market ( M.Rugman, 2012 # 6 ) . Excluding Japan, Toyota is the market leader in two of the six largest states in Asia Pacific which are Malaysia and Thailand ( M.Rugman, 2012 # 6 ) . Furthermore, in 2009, two regional markets accounted for 78 per centum of Toyota ‘s gross Asia ( with Japan at 48.3 per centum of grosss ) and North America ( at 29.70 per centum of grosss ) ; Europe was merely at 14.1 per centum of grosss and remainder of the unive rse 7.9 per centum, and therefore, it is a bi-region-focused company. Harmonizing to appendix 2, In term of units sold, the geographic distribution is similar where Asia and Oceania history for 14 per centum, North America 32 per centum and Europe 14 per centum. Therefore, in footings of gross and units sold, Toyota is a bi-regional company ( Dunning, 1996 # 5 ) . Over 10 old ages, Toyota ‘s intra-regional per centum of gross revenues has decreased from 57.1 per centum to 46.2 per centum. One major ground for this is the Nipponese market itself, where gross revenues decreased for 48.4 per centum of entire grosss in 1993 to 38.3 per centum in 2002. As comparing, North American, European, and non-triad gross revenues have steadily increased in importance. Toyota manufactures locally over two tierces of the auto sells in United States. Local reactivity is of import for Toyota. Toyota introduced its luxury theoretical accounts to suit the wealthier and aging North American babe boomers in the 1990s. Today, the company is presenting autos to aim the immature American client, the demographic reverberation of the babe boomers. Since 60 per centum of US auto purchasers remain loyal to the trade name of first auto, it is therefore imperative to serve this immature market ( M.Rugman, 2012 # 6 ) . Furthermore, American consumers, have been antiphonal to the company ‘s repute for lower monetary value and quality at which Toyota ‘s autos are sold ( M.Rugman, 2012 # 6 ) . Besides, the resale value is besides higher for Toyota autos. One major advantage for Toyota is that is has some of the best fabrication installations in the universe, and it combined this with first-class relationships with its providers. Until late, Toyota was one of the most efficient companies at outsourcing production to providers with whom it enjoys amicable long-run, sometimes keiretsu-style, relationship ( Dunning, 2008 # 3 ) . If the car industry is to go more like the electronics industry, vehicle trade name proprietor ( VBOs ) , such as GM, and VW, will be the equivalent of original equipment makers ( OEMs ) in the electronics industry, such as Nokia, and will concentrate on designing, technology, and selling vehicles to be sold under their trade name while others take attention of fabrica tion ( Dunning, 1996 # 5 ) . Toyota is likely farther along this outsourcing path than other triad car shapers. Overall, although Toyota has much intra-regional trade and FDI, this does non intend that trade or FDI between them has declined ( M.Rugman, 2012 # 6 ) . As discussed, all of them have invested big sums of money in each other. For illustration, in 2008, the EU state has $ 1,622.911 billion of FDI in the United States and $ 86.915 billion in Japan. The United States imports $ 377 billion from the EU and $ 143.4 billion from Japan. So they are closely linked in footings of both trade and FDI ( M.Rugman, 2012 # 6 ) .3. DecisionsOverall, this study has reviewed the theoretical literature on foreign direct investing and Honda automotive in the FDI international markets. Since Hymer, there have been efforts to turn to a figure of issues, such as why FDI occurs and where it locates. This study has besides take on board developments in Dunning ‘s eclectic paradigm of FDI, which non merely encompasses ownership and internalization advantages of transnational endeavor, but the function t hat location dramas in a house ‘s determination to put abroad. Since the clip of the eclectic paradigm, other theories have emerged that have stressed the importance of the function of scheme in FDI in the face of ‘globalisation ‘ and a corresponding growing in competition between houses. In this, the function of the traditional barriers to entry across states, such as the differences in the legal, economic environments and lingual, have become less of import, and FDI is now be viewed as competition between a few houses on an international phase ( Dunning, 1996 # 5 ) . Tormenting ‘s IDP paradigm provides a challenging model to analyze the Nipponese industry experience, because the instance of Japan seems so ‘deviant ‘ from the ‘norm ‘ set Forth in the macro-IDP form. The Asiatic NIEs and the new NIEs ( ASEAN-4 ) and now ‘new ‘ new NIEs ( China, Vietnam and India ) have moulded their developmental schemes along the line of M NE- facilitated development in order to ‘swing up ‘ . Indeed, Japan automotive seems to hold been a function theoretical account for other East and South East Asiatic states to fit in their thrust to economic modernization. In add-on, to the high degree of international concern conducted across the three, companies in the three are invariably looking for new thoughts from other parts that will do them more competitory. In the United States, for illustration, the caput of the Federal Reserve System has expressed the belief that US antimonopoly patterns are out of day of the month and that rivals should be allowed to get and unify with each other in order to protect themselves from universe competition ( Dunning, 2008 # 3 ) . This thought has long been popular in Japan where Keiretsus, or concern groups, which consist of a host of companies that are linked together through ownership and/or joint ventures, dominate the local environment and are able to utilize their combined connexions and wealth to rule universe markets.( 2000 words )Table 1The Three Conditions of the Eclectic Theory Ownership-specific advantages ( internal to endeavors of one nationality ) Size of house Technology and trade Markss Management and organizational systems Entree to save capacity Economies of joint supply Greater entree to markets and cognition International chances such as diversifying hazard Location-specific advantage ( finding the location of production ) Distribution of inputs and markets Cost of labor, conveyance and stuffs costs between states Government intercession and policies Commercial and legal substructure Language, civilization and imposts ( ie psychic distance ) Internalisation-specific advantages ( get the better ofing market imperfectnesss ) Decrease in hunt, dialogue and monitoring costs Avoidance of belongings right enforcement costs Engage in monetary value favoritism Protection of merchandise Avoidance of duties Beginning: Dunning ( 1981 )Table 2Features of Countries and OLI-specific Advantages Owbnership-specific advantages State features Size of houseLarge marketsBroad attitudes to amalgamationsTechnology and trade MarkssGovernment support of inventionSkilled work forceManagement and organizational systemsSupply of trained directors.Educational installationsMerchandise distinctionHigh income statesDegrees of advertisement and sellingLocation-specific advantagesState featuresCostss of labor and stuffsDeveloped or developing stateConveyance costs between statesDistance between statesGovernment intercession and policiesAttitudes of authorities to FDIEconomies of graduated tableSize of marketsPsychic distanceSimilarities of states ‘ linguistic communications and civilizations.Internalisation-specific advantagesState featuresSearching negociating monitoring costs.Greater degrees of instruction and larger markets make cognition type ownership-specific advantages more likely to happen.Avoid costs of implementing belongings rights. Protection of merchandises. Beginning: Dunning ( 1981 )Appendix 1Degree centigrades: UsersuserDesktop20120714_woc582_5.png

The Methodology Used For This Study - 866 Words

The methodology used for this study is lesson study research which is a from of action research. Lesson study research methodology is classroom based, collaborative and professional learning originating from Japan. It is a ‘systematic investigation of classroom pedagogy conducted collectively by a group of teachers rather than by individuals, with the aim of improving the quality of teaching and learning’ (Tsui and Law 2007, p. 1294). Typically, a lesson study will involve small groups of teachers collaboratively planning a ‘research lesson’ which one teaches while other members of the team observe with a focus on the learning and participation of selected case pupils (Dudley 2013). The lesson is then evaluated and revised for further teaching to other groups (Hiebert and Stigler 2000). The process of lesson study research begins with teachers collaboratively identifying a learning barrier or a challenge that is present in their classroom. Teachers will the n respond to this by planning and evaluating a research designed lesson. One person will firstly teach the lesson whilst the other observes the pupil’s learning and how the learning barrier is being addressed. Lesson Study has been used successfully in the UK to improve teaching techniques and pupil progress in the core subjects in both primary and secondary schools and to develop wider approaches such as Assessment for Learning. The design of the lesson study followed the Peter Dudley case study model (Dudley, 2014).Show MoreRelatedTypes of Experimental Research Methodologies1387 Words   |  6 Pagesthe participants are in and the researchers do nothing to change the behavior of the participants. Natural observation is used when researchers are looking for a particular behavior but this can be a very time consuming method of research. The researcher has no guarantee that he or she will witness the particular behavior he or she is looking for. The second methodology used in gaining qualitative and quantitative data is the survey method. The survey method is a method that polls or questions aRead MoreDifferent Types Of Research Methodologies975 Words   |  4 PagesResearch Methodologies With the various types of research methodologies, one can classify them as medical, social, computer, or life science research. However, in computers and bioinformatics research methodology, the methods used are computational, computer simulation, iCloud, omics, and theoretical. Before starting any research, a literature review is required, for example, magazines, books, scholarly/peer reviewed journals, company sales, customer, and employee records. If in the medical fieldRead MoreQualitative And Quantitative And Qualitative Methodologies953 Words   |  4 Pageshypothesis. Hence, it is important to have the balance of both qualitative and quantitative methodologies in a combined methodologies research study. It is interesting to note that, one clear practical issue in combining both methods is the issue whether the combined methodologies are â€Å"genuinely integrated† (Bryman, 2007). Bryman further argued, to what extent do researchers who combined both methodologies analyse, interpret and write up their research in a way that both qualitative and quantitativeRead MoreBusiness And Process Conditions That Required The Application Of A Lean Transformation816 Words   |  4 Pagesapplication of the Four Stages of a Lean implementation? Their implementation of Lean followed the four stages of the Lean Methodology Strategy exposed by Nash, Poling, Ward (2006): Stage one: they identified what areas were the ones that needed improvement in the company, so they can make an assertive approach. at the same time, the trained the personnel on the Lean methodology, so everyone can have a clear understanding of where they were heading on their processes/cultural transformation. StageRead MoreWeek 1 RSCH 8300860 Words   |  4 Pagesare faced with the decision of choosing a methodology of research; either Quantitative or Qualitative that they think best fits their study and objectives. This choice is guarded by the topic of study, the advantages and disadvantages, and the strengths and weaknesses of using either one or the other type of the methodologies. Researchers are sometimes using Quantitative and Qualitative research methodologies interchangeably, or all three of the methodologies including the mixed approach, Creswell (2009)Read MoreResearch Methodology For Adopting Mixed Method Approach1282 Words   |  6 PagesMethodology: In this chapter, the research methods commonly employed in social sciences, namely, qualitative, quantitative and mixed methods will first be discussed. I shall then describe my own research design, including the philosophical approach I adopted. This approach will be explained by identifying the ontological and epistemological standpoints assumed. The research strategy will be clarified, and the sampling procedures and participants of the study will be described. The processes of dataRead MoreResearch On Scientific Communication And Research1672 Words   |  7 PagesStockholm University Department of Computer and Systems Sciences Course: Scientific Communication and Research Methodology FMVEK project 7.5 credits Autumn term 2014 Course instructor: Matti Tedre Facilitator: Ranil Peiris Colombage Table of Contents Abstract 3 1. Introduction 3 1.1 Background 3 1.2 Research objectives 4 1.3 Research Questions 4 1.4 Limitations of the study 4 2. Methodology 5 2.1 Data Collection Methods 5 2.2 Participants / Sampling 6 2.3 Data Analysis 7 2.4 Research Ethics 7 3. ResultsRead MoreProject Analysis : Cloud Architectures1298 Words   |  6 Pagescomponents that Amazon Web Services offer. The author wished to find out if the application could enable a developer to match patterns through many web documents. In this regard, the researcher found it useful in bringing up on- demand millions of virtual servers. Further, Varia wanted to find out the best practices, which could be used on each of the web services provided by Amazon. The result would shed light in to whether the services could create an application that could be scaled using industrialRead MoreThe Effect Of Poor Nutrition On The Student s Academic Achievements1606 Words   |  7 Pagespurpose of this research paper is to examine the impact of poor nutrition on the Student’s academic achievements. Therefore, this chapter presents and describes the methodology that is used in completing this research paper. The methodology will include the systematic as well as theoretical analysis of methods that will be applied in collecting data, and this is significant in proving whether the hypotheses have been confirmed or not. Inappropriately describe the methodology used in this paper, theRead MoreIf Cash Dividend Announcements Affect The Stock Prices Of Companies Listed On The Palestine Exchange1663 Words   |  7 PagesAbstra ct In this study, we used the event study methodology to examine if cash dividend announcements affect the stock prices of companies listed on the Palestine Exchange. We studied 62 events announced from 1/1/2006 to 31/12/2015. Appropriate statistical tests were used to examine if the cumulative abnormal return is statistically significant around the announcement day, namely, 10 days before and 10 days after the event day. Results reveal that statistically significant differences exist between